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strace adalah alat baris perintah yang kuat untuk debugging dan program pemecahan masalah di sistem operasi mirip Unix seperti Linux. Ini menangkap dan merekam semua panggilan sistem yang dibuat oleh suatu proses dan sinyal yang diterima oleh proses.
Baca Juga: Cara Mengaudit Proses Linux Menggunakan 'autrace' di CentOS/RHEL
Ini menampilkan nama setiap panggilan sistem bersama dengan argumennya yang diapit dalam tanda kurung dan nilai pengembaliannya ke kesalahan standar; Anda juga dapat mengarahkannya ke file.
Pada artikel ini, kami akan menjelaskan 10 contoh perintah strace untuk pemecahan masalah dan debugging program dan proses di sistem Linux.
Jika strace tidak diinstal sebelumnya pada sistem Linux Anda, jalankan perintah yang sesuai di bawah ini untuk distribusi Anda, untuk menginstalnya.
$ sudo apt install strace #Debian/Ubuntu # yum install strace #RHEL/CentOS. # dnf install strace #Fedora 22+
Jika sebuah program mogok atau berperilaku dengan cara yang tidak diharapkan, Anda dapat melalui panggilan sistemnya untuk mendapatkan petunjuk tentang apa yang sebenarnya terjadi selama eksekusinya. Seperti yang akan kita lihat nanti, panggilan sistem dapat dikategorikan dalam berbagai peristiwa: yang berkaitan dengan manajemen proses, yang ambil file sebagai argumen, yang melibatkan jaringan, pemetaan memori, sinyal, IPC dan juga sistem terkait deskriptor file panggilan.
Anda dapat menjalankan program/perintah dengan strace atau meneruskan PID ke program tersebut menggunakan -P
pilihan seperti pada contoh berikut.
Anda cukup menjalankan perintah dengan strace seperti ini, di sini kami melacak semua panggilan sistem yang dilakukan oleh perintah df.
$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "7ELF$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...>$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...P\t$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...$strace df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 50 vars */]) = 0. brk (NULL) = 0x136e000. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f82f78fd000. access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu)buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78d8000. tutup (3) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\t\2 \0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000..."..., 832) = 832. fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f7310000...
Dari output di atas, Anda dapat melihat berbagai jenis panggilan sistem yang dilakukan oleh perintah df, Misalnya.
buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3.
Di mana:
Di bawah ini adalah contoh output yang menunjukkan panggilan sistem tulis, yang menampilkan perintah df keluaran di layar.
mmap (NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7f82f78f5000. tutup (3) = 0. fstat (1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev (136, 1), ...}) = 0. tulis (1, "Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia"..., 49Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia Penggunaan% Dipasang pada. ) = 49. tulis (1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev. ) = 43. tulis (1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /jalankan. ) = 43. tulis (1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / ) = 40. tulis (1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm. ) = 47. tulis (1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock. ) = 48. tulis (1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup. ) = 53. tulis (1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs. ) = 56. tulis (1, "tmpfs 788M 36K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 36K 788M 1% /run/user/1000. ) = 53. tutup (1) = 0. tutup (2) = 0. exit_group (0) =? +++ keluar dengan 0 +++
Jika suatu proses sudah berjalan, Anda dapat melacaknya hanya dengan melewatkannya PID sebagai berikut; ini akan mengisi layar Anda dengan output berkelanjutan yang menunjukkan panggilan sistem yang dilakukan oleh proses, untuk mengakhirinya, tekan [Ctrl + C]
.
$ sudo strace -p 3569 strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U0!70$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...%$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...$ sudo strace -p 3569strace: Proses 3569 terlampir. restart_syscall(<... melanjutkan polling yang terputus ...>) = 1. recvmsg (4, {msg_name (0)=NULL, msg_iov (1)=[{"U\2\24\300!\247\330\0\3\24\4\0\20\0\0\0 \0\0\0\24\24\24\24\24\0\0\3\37%\2\0\0", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "\372", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...", 4096}], msg_controllen=0, msg_flags=0}, 0) = 32. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf870, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, -1) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "2", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 1 ([{fd=31, revents=POLLIN}]) baca (31, "2", 1) = 1. recvmsg (4, 0x7ffee4dbf850, 0) = -1 EAGAIN (Sumber daya tidak tersedia untuk sementara) poll([{fd=3, event=POLLIN}, {fd=4, event=POLLIN}, {fd=5, event=POLLIN}, {fd=10, event=POLLIN}, {fd=30, event= POLLIN}, {fd=31, peristiwa=POLLIN}], 6, 0) = 0 (Waktu habis) mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa20000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0. mprotect (0x207faa21000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0...
Menggunakan -C
flag, Anda dapat membuat laporan total waktu, panggilan, dan kesalahan untuk setiap panggilan sistem, sebagai berikut.
$ sudo strace -c -p 3569 strace: Proses 3569 terpasang ^Cstrace: Proses 3569 terlepas. % waktu detik penggunaanc/panggilan kesalahan panggilan syscall. 99,73 0,016000 8 1971 poll 0,16 0,000025 0 509 75 futex 0,06 0,000010 0 1985 1966 recvmsg 0,06 0,000009 0 2336 mprotect 0,00 0,000000 0 478 baca 0,00 0,000000 0 13 tulis 0,00 0,000000 0 29 mmap 0,00 0,000000 0 9 munmap 0,00 0,000000 0 18 tulisv 0,00 0,000000 0 351 madvise 0,00 0,000000 0 1 restart_syscall. 100.00 0,016044 7700 2041 total.
NS -Saya
opsi menampilkan penunjuk instruksi pada saat setiap panggilan sistem yang dilakukan oleh program.
$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...>$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...P\t$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -i df -h[00007f0d7534c777] execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. [00007faf9cafa4b9] brk (NULL) = 0x12f0000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7faf9cd03000. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9ccde000. [00007faf9cafb427] tutup (3) = 0. [00007faf9cafb387] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) [00007faf9cafb327] buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. [00007faf9cafb347] baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0P\ t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0..."..., 832) = 832. [00007faf9cafb2b4] fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. [00007faf9cafb47a] mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7faf9c716000. [00007faf9cafb517] mprotect (0x7faf9c8d6000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...
Anda juga dapat mencetak waktu untuk setiap baris dalam keluaran jejak, dengan melewatkan -T
bendera.
$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 dibaca (3, "7ELF$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...>$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...P\t$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...$ sudo strace -t df -h15:19:25 execve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. 15:19:25 brk (NULL) = 0x234c000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1d9000. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7f1b4000. 15:19:25 tutup (3) = 0. 15:19:25 access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) 15:19:25 buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. 15:19:25 baca (3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\ 0P\t\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0..."..., 832) = 832. 15:19:25 fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1868984, ...}) = 0. 15:19:25 mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7f8c7ebec000. 15:19:25 mprotect (0x7f8c7edac000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0...
Untuk menunjukkan perbedaan waktu antara awal dan akhir setiap panggilan sistem yang dibuat oleh suatu program, gunakan: -T
pilihan.
$ sudo strace -T df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0 <0,000287> brk (NULL) = 0xeca000 <0,000035> access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) <0,000028> mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f9aff2b1000 <0,000020> access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) <0,000019> buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3 <0,000022> fstat (3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=147662, ...}) = 0 <0,000015> mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7f9aff28c000 <0,000019> tutup (3) = 0 <0,000014>...
Pada perintah di bawah ini, jejak = tulis
dikenal sebagai ekspresi kualifikasi, di mana jejak adalah kualifikasi (yang lain termasuk sinyal, singkatan, verbose, mentah, baca, atau tulis). Di Sini, menulis adalah nilai kualifikasi.
Perintah berikut sebenarnya menunjukkan panggilan sistem untuk mencetak df keluaran pada keluaran standar.
$ sudo strace -e trace=tulis df -htulis (1, "Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia"..., 49Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia Penggunaan% Dipasang pada. ) = 49. tulis (1, "udev 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 43udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev. ) = 43. tulis (1, "tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M"..., 43tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /jalankan. ) = 43. tulis (1, "/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G"..., 40/dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / ) = 40. tulis (1, "tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G"..., 47tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm. ) = 47. tulis (1, "tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M"..., 48tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock. ) = 48. tulis (1, "tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G"..., 53tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup. ) = 53. tulis (1, "cgmfs 100K 0 100K"..., 56cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs. ) = 56. tulis (1, "tmpfs 788M 28K 788M"..., 53tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000. ) = 53. +++ keluar dengan 0 +++
Berikut adalah beberapa perintah tambahan tentang trace qualifier.
$ sudo strace -e trace=buka, tutup df -h. $ sudo strace -e trace=buka, tutup, baca, tulis df -h. $ sudo strace -e trace=all df -h
Mari kita lihat cara melacak panggilan sistem yang terkait dengan kelas peristiwa tertentu. Perintah ini dapat digunakan untuk melacak semua panggilan sistem yang melibatkan manajemen proses.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=proses df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. arch_prctl (ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fe2222ff700) = 0. Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia Penggunaan% Dipasang pada. udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev. tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /jalankan. /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm. tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /jalankan/kunci. tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup. cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs. tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000. exit_group (0) =? +++ keluar dengan 0 +++
Selanjutnya, untuk melacak semua panggilan sistem yang menggunakan nama file sebagai argumen, jalankan perintah ini.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=file df -hexecve("/bin/df", ["df", "-h"], [/* 17 vars */]) = 0. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (Tidak ada file atau direktori seperti itu) buka("/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. buka("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3. buka("/usr/share/locale/locale.alias", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3...
Untuk melacak semua panggilan sistem yang melibatkan pemetaan memori, ketik.
$ sudo strace -q -e trace=memory df -hbrk (NULL) = 0x77a000. mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4658000. mmap (NULL, 147662, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4633000. mmap (NULL, 3971488, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f406b000. mprotect (0x7fe8f422b000, 2097152, PROT_NONE) = 0. mmap (0x7fe8f442b000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1c0000) = 0x7fe8f442b000. mmap (0x7fe8f4431000, 14752, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4431000. mmap (NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4632000. mmap (NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4631000. mmap (NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fe8f4630000. mprotect (0x7fe8f442b000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0. mprotect (0x616000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0. mprotect (0x7fe8f465a000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0. munmap (0x7fe8f4633000, 147662) = 0. mmap (NULL, 2981280, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f3d93000. brk (NULL) = 0x77a000. brk (0x79b000) = 0x79b000. mmap (NULL, 619, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4657000. mmap (NULL, 26258, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 3, 0) = 0x7fe8f4650000. Ukuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia Penggunaan% Dipasang pada. udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev. tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /jalankan. /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm. tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /jalankan/kunci. tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup. cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs. tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000. +++ keluar dengan 0 +++
Anda dapat melacak semua panggilan sistem terkait jaringan dan sinyal.
$ sudo strace -e trace=jaringan df -h. $ sudo strace -e trace=sinyal df -h.
Untuk menulis pesan jejak yang dikirim ke kesalahan standar ke file, gunakan -Hai
pilihan. Ini berarti bahwa hanya output perintah yang tercetak di layar seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
$ sudo strace -o df_debug.txt df -hUkuran Sistem File yang Digunakan Tersedia Penggunaan% Dipasang pada. udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev. tmpfs 788M 9.6M 779M 2% /jalankan. /dev/sda10 324G 252G 56G 82% / tmpfs 3.9G 104M 3.8G 3% /dev/shm. tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /jalankan/kunci. tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup. cgmfs 100K 0 100K 0% /run/cgmanager/fs. tmpfs 788M 28K 788M 1% /run/user/1000.
Untuk melihat-lihat file, gunakan perintah kucing.
$ cat df_debug.txt
Untuk menampilkan informasi debug untuk alat strace, gunakan: -D
bendera.
$strace -d df -h
Untuk informasi tambahan, lihat halaman manual strace.
$ man strace.
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